Basic Requirements
- An exit route must be permanent. Each exit route must be a permanent part of the workplace.
- An exit must be separated by fire resistant materials. Construction materials used to separate an exit from other parts of the workplace must have a one-hour fire resistance-rating if the exit connects three or fewer stories and a two-hour fire resistance-rating if the exit connects four or more stories.
- Openings into an exit must be limited. An exit is permitted to have only those openings necessary to allow access to the exit from occupied areas of the workplace, or to the exit discharge.
- An opening into an exit must be protected by a self-closing fire door that remains closed or automatically closes in an emergency upon the sounding of a fire alarm or employee alarm system.
Number of Exits
- The number of exit routes should be adequate.
- At least two exit routes should be available in a workplace to permit prompt evacuation of employees and other building occupants during an emergency.
- The exit routes should be located as far away as practical from each other so that if one exit route is blocked by fire or smoke, employees can evacuate using the second exit route.
- More than two exit routes should be available in a workplace if the number of employees, the size of the building, its occupancy, or the arrangement of the workplace is such that all employees would not be able to evacuate safely during an emergency.
- A single exit route is permitted where the number of employees, the size of the building, its occupancy, or the arrangement of the workplace is such that all employees would be able to evacuate safely during an emergency
Exit Discharge
- Each exit discharge must lead directly outside or to a street, walkway, refuge area, public way, or open space with access to the outside.
- The street, walkway, refuge area, public way, or open space to which an exit discharge leads should be large enough to accommodate the building occupants likely to use the exit route. The walkway in the photo to the right is partially blocked by stored items.
- Exit stairs that continue beyond the level on which the exit discharge is located should be interrupted at that level by doors, partitions, or other effective means that clearly indicate the direction of travel leading to the exit discharge.
Locking Arrangements
- An exit door should be unlocked from the inside.
- Employees should be able to open an exit route door from the inside at all times without keys, tools, or special knowledge.
- A device such as a panic bar that locks only from the outside is permitted on exit discharge doors.
- Exit route doors should be free of any device or alarm that could restrict emergency use of the exit route if the device or alarm fails.
- An exit route door may be locked from the inside only in mental, penal, or correctional facilities and then only if supervisory personnel are continuously on duty and the employer has a plan to remove occupants from the facility during an emergency.
Door Swing
- A side-hinged exit door should be used.
- A side-hinged door should be used to connect any room to an exit route.
- The door that connects any room to an exit route must swing out in the direction of exit travel if the room is designed to be occupied by more than 50 people or if the room is a high hazard area (i.e., contains contents that are likely to burn with extreme rapidity or explode).
Exit Route Capacity
- The capacity of an exit route should be adequate.
- Exit routes must support the maximum permitted occupant load for each floor served.
- The capacity of an exit route may not decrease in the direction of exit route travel to the exit discharge.
Adopted from the OSHAcademy training manual.
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